Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used measure to classify weight categories that may lead to health problems. Here's how BMI correlates with certain pathologies, especially focusing on musculoskeletal issues:
1. Musculoskeletal Disorders: Higher BMI is significantly associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal pain, especially in weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips. This is because excess body weight increases the stress on these joints, potentially accelerating the wear and tear that leads to conditions such as osteoarthritis.
  - Reference: ["The relation between body mass index and musculoskeletal symptoms", PMID: 3211579](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074861/)
2. Osteoarthritis: Obesity is a well-known risk factor for osteoarthritis, not only due to the increased mechanical load but also because of the inflammatory factors associated with adiposity that contribute to cartilage degradation.
  - Reference: ["Association between BMI and osteoporotic fractures at different sites", PMID: 3206952](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054098/)
3. Back Pain: There is evidence suggesting that a higher BMI increases the risk of lower back pain. The exact mechanism is not entirely clear but may relate to the biomechanical and inflammatory influences of obesity.
  - Reference: ["Effect of Body Mass Index on work related musculoskeletal discomfort", PMID: 3104210](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104851/)
 References:
1. [The relation between body mass index and musculoskeletal symptoms, PMID: 3211579](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074861/)
2. [Association between BMI and osteoporotic fractures at different sites, PMID: 3206952](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7054098/)
3. [Effect of Body Mass Index on work related musculoskeletal discomfort, PMID: 3104210](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104851/)
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